Anaconda = Package Manager + Environment Manager + Additional Scientific Libraries. Based on my experience, it makes the python package management much easier. Also conda is a general-purpose package management system, it is designed to manage packages and dependencies of software from any language.

If you want to install TensorFlow on Ubuntu 16.04 along with Anaconda, here is an installation guide:

Install Nvidia driver and Cuda (Optional)

If you want to use GPU to accelerate, follow instructions here to install Nvidia drivers, CUDA 8 and cuDNN 5 (skip caffe installation there).

Install Anaconda

Download Anaconda from here. Choose Python 2.7 or 3.6 version 64-BIT INSTALLER to install it, then update it:

conda update conda

Install TensorFlow following the instructions here.